Colonoscopy
A colonoscopy is a medical procedure used to examine the inner lining of the colon (large intestine) and rectum. It involves the use of a long, flexible tube called a colonoscope, which has a light and a camera at its tip. The camera transmits images to a monitor, allowing the doctor to closely inspect the colon for any abnormalities.
Key Details About Colonoscopy:
Procedure:
- The colonoscope is gently inserted through the rectum and guided through the entire colon.
- The procedure usually takes about 30 minutes to an hour.
- Sedation is typically given to help the patient relax and minimize discomfort.
Purpose:
- Colonoscopies are commonly used to screen for colorectal cancer, detect and remove polyps, investigate symptoms like bleeding or abdominal pain, and diagnose conditions like inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.
Preparation:
- Before the procedure, the patient needs to follow a special diet and take a bowel-cleansing solution to ensure the colon is clear of any stool.
- This preparation is crucial for getting accurate results.
Risks:
- While generally safe, colonoscopy carries some risks, including bleeding (especially if polyps are removed), perforation of the colon, and reactions to sedation.
Follow-Up:
- If polyps are found, they are usually removed during the procedure and sent for biopsy to determine if they are benign or cancerous.
- Based on the findings, the doctor may recommend regular follow-up colonoscopies.